Josephus Flavius

Josephus Flavius
Josephus Flavius,
 
eigentlich Joseph ben Mathitjạhu, jüdischer Geschichtsschreiber, * Jerusalem 37/38 n. Chr., ✝ Rom um 100; schloss sich nach anfänglicher Gegnerschaft im jüdischen Krieg dem Flavier Vespasian an und erwarb dessen Gunst durch Prophezeiung der Kaiserkrone (69 n. Chr., daher sein Beiname); ging ein Jahr später mit Titus nach Rom und beschrieb dort zunächst in sieben Büchern den jüdischen Krieg bis zum Fall der Feste Masada (»Bellum Judaicum«), dann in 20 Büchern die jüdische Geschichte von der Urzeit bis 66 n. Chr. (»Antiquitates Judaicae«). Seine Werke wurden v. a. in christlichen Kreisen tradiert. Umstritten ist seine Erwähnung Jesu (wahrscheinlich frühe Interpolation).
 
Ausgabe: Opera, herausgegeben von B. Niese, 7 Bände (21955).
 
 
Zur Josephusforschung, hg. v. A. Schalit (1973);
 W. C. van Unnik: F. J. als histor. Schriftsteller (1978);
 L. H. Feldman: Josephus and modern scholarship 1937-1980 (Berlin 1984);
 R. Egger: J. F. u. die Samaritaner (1986);
 K.-S. Krieger: Geschichtsschreibung als Apologetik bei F. J. (1994).

Universal-Lexikon. 2012.

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